Review Article
Associations of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) for Enhancements in Soil Fertility and Promotion of Plant Growth: A Review
Leta AjemaGebisa*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
72-80
Received:
10 September 2024
Accepted:
27 September 2024
Published:
18 October 2024
Abstract: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi are used for soil fertility enhancements and stimulating plant growth in which they association with other organisms like terrestrial plants. Mycorrhizas create an association between fungi and the roots of plants. Therefore, the review was made to point out important fungal species involved in fungal plant interaction and their major roles in agriculture as well as ecosystem. 80% of plants form associations with mycorrhizal fungi. The fungal are used to use their different organs like chain, arbuscular, vesicle, supportive cells and spore to interact with the other plant/ plat’s organ. The mycorrhizal fungi can be categorized into two principal classifications based on their anatomical interactions with the roots of host plants. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal fungi utilize two distinct strategies for nutrient acquisition. The main categories of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal associations are linear or coiling and of ectomycorrhizal associations are epidermal or cortical. The rhizospheric and endophytic microbes promote plant growth as inoculated with crop. AM fungi as an obligate symbiont share a distinct feature called arbuscules as a site of nutrient exchanges between host and fungi. Arbuscules developed between cell wall and plasma membrane of root cortical cells and differentiated from plant plasma membrane by periarbuscular membrane. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an indispensable role in augmenting plant nutrient acquisition, enhancing plant resilience and tolerance to various environmental stresses, improving soil fertility and structure, and providing numerous beneficial effects. AMF engage in interactions with other soil microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, resulting in a synergistic effect that promotes plant growth and offers protection against pathogens associated with Rhizobia. Both AMF and Rhizobia utilize the same signaling pathways, which facilitate their association with host plants and enable nitrogen fixation within the soil ecosystem. A positive relationship has been established between AMF colonization and the diversity of soil microbial communities. Nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, and root nodule symbioses typically exhibit synergistic interactions concerning infection rates and their effects on mineral nutrition and plant growth, thereby significantly enhancing the status of soil fertility, particularly with respect to soil quality characteristics.
Abstract: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi are used for soil fertility enhancements and stimulating plant growth in which they association with other organisms like terrestrial plants. Mycorrhizas create an association between fungi and the roots of plants. Therefore, the review was made to point out important fungal species involved in fungal plant interaction ...
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Research Article
Effect of NPS Rate and Rhizobium Inoculation on Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgari L.) at Kellem Wollega Zone, Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
81-92
Received:
11 November 2024
Accepted:
25 November 2024
Published:
23 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.abb.20241204.12
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Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important and widely cultivated pulse crops in most developing countries. However, its cultivation is constrained mainly by low soil fertility and lack of improved agronomic practices. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Rhizobium inoculation, NPS fertilizer rate, and their interaction effect on grain yield and yield components of common bean and to recommend the appropriate combination that can maximize the productivities of common bean in the study areas. Six levels of NPS rates (0, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1) and three levels of Rhizobium strains (un-inoculated, BH429 and BH-A-15) were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in factorial arrangement. The collected data were analyzed by SAS software. Main effect of rhizobium strain exerted significant effect on effective branch/plant, however, NPS levels significantly influenced days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, nodule/plant, effective branch/plant, pod/plant and grain yield. The main effect of experimental location imposed significant effect on most of agronomic parameters including pod/plant and grain yield. Significantly higher mean grain yield was recorded at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center and Igu experimental locations compared to Sago, which had the lower mean value of grain yield. Application of NPS rate with rhizobium strain affected number of effective branch/planr, while the interaction of NPS rate with location influenced number of days to 90% maturity, effective branch/plant, pod/plant, seed/pod and grain yield. Significantly higher mean grain yield was obtained by applying 100, 125 and 150 Kg/ha of NPS at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center and Igu, by applying 125 and 150 Kg/ha of NPS at Sago. Based on partial budget analysis the highest net benefit (Birr 31792.34 ha-1) was obtained from combined application of 100 kg blended NPS ha-1 with un-inoculated strain which had 811% marginal rate of return. Hence, application of 100 kg NPS ha-1 without inoculation of the strain was recommended for common bean productivity enhancement in the study area.
Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important and widely cultivated pulse crops in most developing countries. However, its cultivation is constrained mainly by low soil fertility and lack of improved agronomic practices. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Rhizobium inoculation, NPS fertilizer rate, and their ...
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